{"id":383,"date":"2016-02-11T13:25:23","date_gmt":"2016-02-11T04:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/?p=383"},"modified":"2019-12-22T12:14:09","modified_gmt":"2019-12-22T03:14:09","slug":"must-have-p-p-%e3%81%af%e9%81%8e%e5%8e%bb%e3%81%ab%e3%81%8a%e3%81%91%e3%82%8b%e6%96%ad%e5%ae%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/?p=383","title":{"rendered":"\u201dmust have pp\u201d\u306f\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65ad\u5b9a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u201dmust\u201d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3093\u3088\u304f\u3054\u5b58\u77e5\u306e\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u300c\uff5e\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u3044\u63a8\u91cf\u3082\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3088\u306d\u3002
\uff08\u300c\u201cmust\u201d\u3068\u201dhave to\u201d\u306f\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u3066\uff01\u300d<\/a>\u53c2\u7167\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u5f37\u3044\u63a8\u91cf\u306e\u300c\uff5e\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201dhave to\u201d\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u304c\u3084\u3084\u3053\u3057\u3044<\/h4>\n

\u8a71\u3092\u5206\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u300d\u2192 must \/have to<\/span>
\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u2192 had to<\/span><\/p>\n

\u300c\uff5e\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u2192 must \/ have to<\/span>
\u300c\uff5e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u2192 must have p.p.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cmust\u201d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3082\u201dhave to\u201d\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u304c\u610f\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4e0a\u306e\u5206\u985e\u304b\u3089\u3082\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\uff5e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u201dmust have p.p.\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u300d\u306f\u201dhad to\u201d\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3001\u300c\uff5e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3082\u201dhad to\u201d\u304b\uff1f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304b\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u4f8b\u6587\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

ex) Steve must have left. His shoes are not here.
<\/em>\u300c\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc\u30d6\u306f\u3082\u3046\u5e30\u3063\u305f\u306f\u305a\u3060\u3088\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u9774\u304c\u3053\u3053\u306b\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u306d\u300d<\/p>\n

ex) He must have come here by taxi.<\/em>
\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u30bf\u30af\u30b7\u30fc\u3067\u6765\u305f\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/p>\n

\u5426\u5b9a\u306fcan\u2019t have p.p.<\/h4>\n

\u3067\u306f\u5426\u5b9a\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5148\u307b\u3069\u306e\u4f8b\u6587\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

ex) He mustn\u2019t have come here by taxi.<\/em>
\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u30bf\u30af\u30b7\u30fc\u3067\u6765\u305f\u306f\u305a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/p>\n

\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u3001\u5358\u7d14\u306b\u201dmustn\u2019t have p.p.\u201d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u69cb\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u300c\uff5e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306f\u305a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u201dcan\u2019t\u201d\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u666e\u901a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

ex) He can\u2019t have come here by taxi.<\/em>
\u300c\u5f7c\u306f\u3053\u3053\u306b\u30bf\u30af\u30b7\u30fc\u3067\u6765\u305f\u306f\u305a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d<\/p>\n

\u201ccan\u201d\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u300c\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u308b\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305d\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u5426\u5b9a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u300c\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u904e\u53bb\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u201dcan\u2019t have p.p.\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\u304c\u300c\uff5e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306f\u305a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002
\uff08\u201dcouldn\u2019t have p.p.\u201d\u3082\u540c\u3058\u610f\u5473\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff09<\/p>\n

\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u300c\uff5e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u2192 \u201cmust have p.p.\u201d<\/strong><\/span>
\u300c\uff5e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306f\u305a\u304c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u2192 \u201ccan\u2019t (couldn\u2019t) have p.p.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u3067\u899a\u3048\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\uff01<\/p>\n

\u3082\u3063\u3068\u201dmust\u201d\u3092\uff01\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b9\u306f\u2026<\/h4>\n

\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3066\u6975\u3081\u305f\u3044\uff01\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b9\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u306e2\u518a\u3092\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u56de\u63a1\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u305fmust\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u3001will\/would\/can\/could\/may\/might\/should\u306a\u3069\u3092\u300c\u6cd5\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d<\/strong><\/span>\u3068\u547c\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6cd5\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u306f\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u306e\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u52a9\u3051\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u5f37\u3044\u5473\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6cd5\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u3092\u6975\u3081\u308c\u3070\u3001\u7686\u3055\u3093\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u4e88\u60f3\u3092\u306f\u308b\u304b\u306b\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u9593\u9055\u3048\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3082\u3063\u3068\u300c\u6cd5\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\u3092\uff01\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b9\u306f\u300c\u6cd5\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u5e95\u529b\u2015\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f4\u306e\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u6c17\u5206\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u30ad\u30fc\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30e4\u30fc\u300d<\/a>\u304c\u304a\u85a6\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u9c57\u3092\u304a\u7d04\u675f\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n

<\/a>\"\"<\/p>\n

\u3082\u30461\u518a\u306f\u300c\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u304c\u6559\u3048\u308b \u307b\u3093\u3068\u3046\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u300d<\/a>\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3053\u3061\u3089\u3082\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3059\u308b1\u518a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306a\u4f8b\u6587\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6301\u3064\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u300c\u9854\u300d\u3092\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u8996\u70b9\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u304c\u6301\u3064\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u2026\u305d\u306e\u90fd\u5ea6\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u2026\u306a\u3093\u3066\u3053\u3068\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5b9f\u306f\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u3082\u305f\u3060\u4e38\u6697\u8a18\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3060\u3051\u306a\u3093\u3067\u3059\u3001\u3068\u30cd\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306e\u8457\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u305d\u3093\u306a\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u77e5\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5c11\u3057\u80a9\u306e\u8377\u304c\u4e0b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304b\uff1f\uff08\u7b11\uff09<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5404\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u306e\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u65b9\u3055\u3048\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u308c\u3070\u3001\u201d\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u201d\u9593\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3057\u3067\u3059\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n<\/a>\"\"\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u201dmust\u201d\u306b\u306f\u3001\u307f\u306a\u3055\u3093\u3088\u304f\u3054\u5b58\u77e5\u306e\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u300c\uff5e\u306b\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f37\u3044\u63a8\u91cf\u3082\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u305d\u306e\u3046\u3061\u300c\uff5e\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3088\u306d\u3002 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=383"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1181,"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/383\/revisions\/1181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.grammar-in-use.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}